Investasi Asing oleh Sime Darby Plantation di Provinsi Riau Pulau Sumatera
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37950/ijd.v6i2.493Keywords:
foreign investment, Sime Darby Plantation, Riau province, palm oil, cooperationAbstract
Abstrak
Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA) menurut UU No. 25 Tahun 2007 adalah kegiatan investasi oleh penanam modal asing di wilayah Indonesia, baik dengan modal asing sepenuhnya atau berpatungan dengan modal dalam negeri. Salah satu aktor penting dalam kerjasama investasi asing adalah Sime Darby Plantation Berhad, sebuah perusahaan multinasional dari Malaysia yang beroperasi di berbagai sektor di 25 negara dan 4 benua. Sime Darby Plantation memiliki perkebunan kelapa sawit di beberapa negara, termasuk Indonesia, di mana PT Minamas Plantation menjadi representasinya. Investasi asing Sime Darby Plantation didukung oleh potensi besar industri kelapa sawit di Indonesia, kondisi alam yang mendukung, dan tenaga kerja yang melimpah. Kerjasama ini memberikan manfaat ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan bagi Provinsi Riau, seperti peningkatan kesempatan kerja dan pendapatan pajak negara. Selain itu, PT Minamas Plantation juga berkontribusi dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat lokal dan mitigasi kebakaran hutan melalui kerjasama dengan Universitas dan pemerintah daerah. Namun, terdapat juga beberapa tantangan, seperti konflik agraria dan kekhawatiran LSM lingkungan terhadap pembukaan lahan baru. Dampak positif dari investasi ini termasuk peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat lokal dan alih teknologi, sementara dampak negatifnya meliputi kerusakan lingkungan dan eksploitasi sumber daya alam yang berlebihan. Pemerintah dan perusahaan harus mempertimbangkan baik keuntungan maupun kerugian dari investasi asing ini untuk mencapai manfaat yang berkelanjutan. Dalam melaksanakan penelitian, artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, yaitu studi pustaka dengan mengumpulkan berbagai buku, jurnal, artikel, dan sumber-sumber lain untuk dapat menjawab rumusan masalah ini.
Kata Kunci: investasi asing, Sime Darby Plantation, provinsi Riau, kelapa sawit, kerjasama
Â
Abstract
Foreign Investment (PMA) according to Law No. 25 Year 2007 is an investment activity by foreign investors in the territory of Indonesia, either with fully foreign capital or in partnership with domestic capital. One of the important actors in foreign investment cooperation is Sime Darby Plantation Berhad, a multinational company from Malaysia that operates in various sectors in 25 countries and 4 continents. Sime Darby Plantation has oil palm plantations in several countries, including Indonesia, where PT Minamas Plantation is its representative. Sime Darby Plantation's foreign investment is supported by the huge potential of the palm oil industry in Indonesia, favorable natural conditions, and abundant labor. This cooperation provides economic, social, and environmental benefits for Riau Province, such as increased employment opportunities and state tax revenues. In addition, PT Minamas Plantation also contributes to local community empowerment and forest fire mitigation through cooperation with the University and local government. However, there are also some challenges, such as agrarian conflicts and environmental NGO concerns over new land clearing. Positive impacts of these investments include improved welfare of local communities and technology transfer, while negative impacts include environmental damage and over-exploitation of natural resources. Governments and companies must consider both the advantages and disadvantages of these foreign investments to achieve sustainable benefits. In conducting the research, this article uses a qualitative research method, which is a literature study by collecting various books, journals, articles, and other sources to be able to answer the formulation of this problem.
Keywords: foreign investment, Sime Darby Plantation, Riau province, palm oil, cooperation
Â
References
Afrizal. (2012). “Daya Saing Penanaman Modal Asing di Provinsi Riauâ€. Prosiding Seminar Penelitian dan Pengabdian FISIP Universitas Riau. Universitas Riau.
Altenburg, T. (2000). Linkages and Spillovers between Transnational Corporations and Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Developing Countries— Opportunities and Policies. In UNCTAD (Ed.), MNC-SME Linkages for Development. Issues – experiences – best practices (pp. 3–61). Proceedings of the Special Round on MNCs, SMEs and Development, UNCTAD X, February 15, Bangkok. Geneva: UN.
Bambang. (2017). Statistik Perkebunan Indonesia 2015-2017 Kelapa Sawit. Sawit, 81.
Company, Sime Darby. (2017). Annual Report 2017: From Strength to Strength. Sime Darby: Malaysia.
Dinkar, Nayak., Choudhury, Rahul N. (2014). “A Selective Review of Foreign Direct Investment Theoriesâ€. Asia-Pacific Research and Training Network on Trade No.143.
Elkins, Z., Guzman, A., & Simmons, B. (2004). Competing for Capital: The Diffusion of Bilateral Investment Treaties, 1960–2000. Working paper. University of Illinois, University of California at Berkeley and Harvard University.
Giuliani, Elisa., Chiara Macchi. (2014). “Multinational Corporations’ Economic and Human Rights Impacts on Developing Countries: A Review and Research Agendaâ€. Cambridge Journal of Economics, Volume 38, Issue 2, March 2014, pages 479–517.
Handayani, Sri. (2011). Upaya Pemerintah Sumatera Selatan Menarik Investor Asing dalam Kegiatan Penanaman Modal. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum Vol. 11 No. 1 Januari 2011, hlm 62-71.
Hansen, Michael W., Torben Pedersen, Bent Petersen. (2009). “MNC Strategies and Linkage Effects in Developing Countriesâ€. Journal of World Business 44 pp 121-130.
Hertner, P., & Jones, G. (1986). Multinationals: Theory and History. London: Gower.
Kementerian Investasi/BKPM. “Penanaman Modal Asing di Indonesiaâ€. https://investindonesia.go.id/id/artikel-investasi/detail/penanaman-modal-asing-di-indonesia.
Kindleberger, C.P. (1969). American Business Abroad. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, United States.
Neumayer, Eric., Laura Spess. (2005). “Do Bilateral Investment Treaties Increase Foreign Direct Investment to Developing Countries?â€. World Development Vol. 33 No.10 pp 1567-1585.
Newman, Carol., John Rand, Theodore Talbot, Finn Tarp. (2015). “Technology Transfers, Foreign Investment, and Productivity Spilloversâ€. European Economic Review, Elsevier Science Direct Vol.76.
Presentasi PT Minamas Plantation: Aspek Sosial dan Ekonomi dari Haze: Kesetaraan dan Keadilan Minamas Plantation (Sime Darby Plantation Group), Jakarta, 6 – 7 Desember 2017.
Saputra, Wiko. (2014). Slide Tata Kelola Industri Kelapa Sawit dan Pembiayaan: Kasus Malaysia vs Indonesia dalam Diskusi OMS ICW Bakoel Coffe 7 Januari 2014.
Scott-Kennel, J., & Enderwick, P. (2005). “FDI and Inter-Firm Linkages: Exploring the Black Box of The Investment Development Pathâ€. Transnational Corporations, 14(1): 13–23.
Shuqin, Zhu Judith., Cherrie Jiuhua Zhu, Helen De Cieri. (2014). “Chinese MNCs’ Preparation for Host-Country Labor Relations: An Exploration of Country-of-Origin Effectâ€. Journal Human Resource Management Vol. 53 No. 6 pp 947-965.
Siddharthan, N. S. and B.L. Pandit (1998). “Liberalization and investment: Behaviour of MNEs and large corporate firms in Indiaâ€, International Business Review, Vol. 7, No. 5.
Sime Darby Plantation: Sime Darby Plantation Slide on Februari 2011, hlm 10-11.
Singer, H. (1950). “The Distribution of Gains between Investing and Borrowing Countriesâ€. American Economic Review (Papers and Proceedings), 40: 473– 485.
Syahza, A. (2004). Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat Pedesaan Melalui Pengembangan Industri Hilir Berbasis Kelapa Sawit di Daerah Riau. 6(3).
Tavares, A., & Young, S. (2005). “FDI and Multinationals: Patterns, Impacts and Policiesâ€. International Journal of the Economics of Business, 12(1): 3–16.
UNCTAD (2001). World Investment Report 2001. Promoting Linkages. NY: UN.
Whitley, R. (2012). Internationalization and the Institutional Structuring of Economic Organization: Changing Authority Relations in the Twenty-First Century. In G. Morgan & R. Whitley (Eds.), Capitalisms and Capitalism in the Twenty-First Century (pp. 211–236). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Wilkins, M. (1998). “Multinational Corporations: A Historical Accountâ€. In Kozul-Wright & Howtorn (Eds.), Transnational Corporations and The Global Economy (pp. 95–133). London: Macmillan Press.
Wulansari, Ica. (2017). Industrialisasi Minyak Sawit Di Indonesia: Resistensi Warga Dusun Tanjung Pusaka, Kalimantan Tengah Terhadap Industri Sawit. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, April 2017, 9-16.
Yonani. (2014). “Pengaruh Investor Asing terhadap Pengembangan Masyarakat Lokal Di Indonesiaâ€. Jurnal Fiat Justicia Vol. 5 No. 1 pp 35-44.
Sumber Online
“22640680335REALISASI_TW_III_2023_Riau.Pdf.†n.d. Accessed December 8, 2023. https://dpmptsp.riau.go.id/media/file/22640680335REALISASI_TW_III_2023_Riau.pdf.
https://bps.go.id/publication diakses pada 5 Desember 2023.
https://www.goriau.com/berita/riau/gandeng-masyarakat-dan-perguruan-tinggi-kreativitas-minamas-pantas-ditiru-perusahaan-lain.html diakses pada 1 September 2023.
https://kalbar.antaranews.com/berita/325718/minamas-plantation-komitmen-bangun-masa-depan-berkelanjutan diakses pada 15 Oktober 2023.
https://news.okezone.com/read/2013/06/26/411/827668/3-perusahaan-malaysia-diduga-pembakar-hutan-sumatera diakses pada 11 November 2023.
https://sawitindonesia.com diakses pada 9 September 2023.
https://simedarbyplantation.com/ diakses pada 2 September 2023.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with International Journal of Demos (IJD) agree to the following Open Access terms:
- Authors transfer the copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- 4.0 International License. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
