Tata Kelola Ekonomi Biru Daerah: Analisis Gap antara Desain Kebijakan, Kinerja Ekonomi, dan Realisasi Kesejahteraan di Bima dan Dompu
Abstract
Abstrak
Penelitian ini berangkat dari paradoks pembangunan pesisir di Kabupaten Bima dan Kabupaten Dompu, ketika potensi sumber daya kelautan yang melimpah belum sepenuhnya bertransformasi menjadi kesejahteraan masyarakat pesisir. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis kesenjangan antara desain kebijakan ekonomi biru, kinerja ekonomi sektoral, dan realisasi kesejahteraan masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi lapangan, analisis dokumen kebijakan, serta data ekonomi daerah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sektor kelautan dan perikanan berkontribusi dominan terhadap PDRB, mencapai 39,7% di Kabupaten Bima dan 40,4% di Kabupaten Dompu pada tahun 2025, dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi masing-masing sebesar 2,82% dan 3,44%. Namun, peningkatan kinerja ekonomi tersebut belum berbanding lurus dengan kesejahteraan masyarakat pesisir, yang masih ditandai tingkat kemiskinan pesisir sebesar 14,2%, rendahnya hilirisasi ekonomi, serta terbatasnya integrasi rantai nilai lokal. Meskipun rata-rata pendapatan rumah tangga nelayan meningkat dari Rp2,15 juta menjadi Rp2,98 juta per bulan selama periode 2021–2025, manfaat ekonomi masih terkonsentrasi pada rantai distribusi tertentu. Temuan ini menegaskan perlunya restrukturisasi tata kelola ekonomi biru melalui integrasi kelembagaan, penguatan nilai tambah lokal, dan pembangunan pesisir yang lebih inklusif guna memastikan pertumbuhan ekonomi maritim dapat terkonversi menjadi kesejahteraan yang berkelanjutan.
Kata Kunci: Ekonomi Biru, Tata Kelola Daerah, Kesejahteraan Pesisir, Kinerja Ekonomi, Pembangunan Berkelanjutan.
Abstract
This study is grounded in the paradox of coastal development in Bima and Dompu Regencies, where abundant marine and fisheries resources have not been fully translated into improved coastal community welfare. The research aims to examine the gap between blue economy policy design, sectoral economic performance, and welfare outcomes. A qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design was employed through in-depth interviews, field observations, policy document analysis, and regional economic data assessment. The findings reveal that the marine and fisheries sector remains the dominant contributor to regional economic output, accounting for 39.7% of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) in Bima Regency and 40.4% in Dompu Regency in 2025, while regional economic growth reached 2.82% and 3.44%, respectively. Despite this economic significance, the gains have not been proportionally reflected in coastal welfare, as evidenced by a coastal poverty rate of 14.2%, limited downstream industrialization, and weak integration of local value chains. Although the average monthly income of fishing households increased from IDR 2.15 million to IDR 2.98 million between 2021 and 2025, economic benefits remain concentrated within specific segments of the distribution chain. These findings underscore the need for restructuring blue economy governance through institutional integration, strengthening local value-added production, and promoting more inclusive coastal development to ensure that maritime economic growth can be effectively transformed into sustainable and equitable welfare outcomes.
Keywords: Blue Economy, Regional Governance, Coastal Welfare, Economic Performance, Sustainable Development.
References
Abdau, A. A., & Nadir, S. (2021). Evaluation of the Implementation of Barru Regency Regional Regulation No . 7 of 2021 in a Blue Economy Perspective (Vol. 2025, Issue 7). Atlantis Press SARL. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-545-4
Abukalloub, A., & Güngör, A. (2026). Blue Economy and Sustainable Development?: A Comparative Analysis of International Models and Türkiye ’ s Governance Capacity. 4(2), 520–534.
Andana, F., & Saputra, C. F. W. B. (2025). Regional Policy Diversification to Maximize Blue Economy Potential in Kepulauan Riau Amid Indonesia-China Bilateral Cooperation. Journal of Maritime Policy Science, 2(1), 13–25. https://doi.org/10.31629/jmps.v2i1.7165
Benzaken, D., Voyer, M., Pouponneau, A., & Hanich, Q. (2022). Good governance for sustainable blue economy in small islands: Lessons learned from the Seychelles experience. Frontiers in Political Science, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2022.1040318
Evans, L. S., Buchan, P. M., Fortnam, M., Honig, M., & Heaps, L. (2023). Corrigendum: Putting coastal communities at the center of a sustainable blue economy: A review of risks, opportunities, and strategies (Frontiers in Political Science, (2023), 4, (1032204), 10.3389/fpos.2022.1032204). Frontiers in Political Science, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2023.1182415
Garland, M., Axon, S., Graziano, M., Morrissey, J., & Heidkamp, C. P. (2019). The blue economy: Identifying geographic concepts and sensitivities. Geography Compass, 13(7), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12445
Haeril, H., Mas’ud, M., Iradat, T., & Hendra, H. (2021). Penerapan Kebijakan Mitigasi Bencana (Fisik dan Nonfisik) dalam Mengurangi Risiko Bencana di Kabupaten Bima. Journal of Governance and Local Politics (JGLP), 3(1), 23–47. https://doi.org/10.47650/jglp.v3i1.179
Hajar, S., Ramlan, & Kholik, K. (2025). Why is adaptive policy important in geosite governance as an effort to realize sustainable tourism in the Toba Caldera Geopark area of Samosir regency? Frontiers in Political Science, 7(December), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2025.1713478
Hendra, H., Nur, M., Haeril, H., Junaidin, J., & Wahyuli, S. (2023). Strategi Pemberdayaan Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Miskin Pesisir. Jurnal Intelektualita: Keislaman, Sosial Dan Sains, 12(1), 72–80. https://doi.org/10.19109/intelektualita.v12i1.16880
Journal, I. I., & Economics, S. (2026). ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTS OF OPEN UNEMPLOYMENT IN NORTH. 9(1), 3550–3561.
Kusmayadi, D. A., & Padjajaran, U. (2026). PROBLEM TREE DAN 5 WHYS UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI AKAR MASALAH PROGRAM PERIKANAN TANGKAP PANGANDARAN. 13, 247–262.
Lakat, J. S., Rotinsulu, T. O., Kumenaung, A. G., Lengkong, P. K., Gamaliel, H., & Klabat, U. (2025). Integrasi Ekonomi Biru dalam Penganggaran Daerah Sulawesi Utara?: Analisis Manajemen Keuangan Publik Berbasis Blue Finance. 04(2), 242–253.
Makmur, K., Sugianto, D. N., Yonvitner, Damanik, R., Noor, R., Lestari, I., Marzuki, F. R., Putra, R. D., Aryanti, D., Handayani, E. P., Lesdantina, D., Adrianto, L., Muawanah, U., & Fariza, F. (2022). Prospek Ekonomi Biru bagi Pemulihan Ekonomi Indonesia. In Suparyanto dan Rosad (2015 (Vol. 5, Issue 3).
Murphy, G. E. (2007). An abstract of the dissertation of. October, October, 302.
Nations, U., & Development, I. (n.d.). Compendium of Background Papers.
Okafor-Yarwood, I., Kadagi, N. I., Miranda, N. A. F., Uku, J., Elegbede, I. O., & Adewumi, I. J. (2020). The blue economy-cultural livelihood-ecosystem conservation triangle: The African experience. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7(July), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00586
Rifai, R., & Haeril, H. (2024). Integrasi Kebijakan Publik dan Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam untuk Pembangunan Pesisir di Kabupaten Bima. Journal of Governance and Local Politics …, 6(1), 25–36. https://journal.unpacti.ac.id/index.php/JGLP/article/view/1235
Sarker, S., Bhuyan, M. A. H., Rahman, M. M., Islam, M. A., Hossain, M. S., Basak, S. C., & Islam, M. M. (2018). From science to action: Exploring the potentials of Blue Economy for enhancing economic sustainability in Bangladesh. Ocean and Coastal Management, 157(March), 180–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.03.001
Voyer, M., Farmery, A. K., Kajlich, L., Vachette, A., & Quirk, G. (2020). Assessing policy coherence and coordination in the sustainable development of a Blue Economy. A case study from Timor Leste. Ocean and Coastal Management, 192(November 2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105187
Wenhai, L., Cusack, C., Baker, M., Tao, W., Mingbao, C., Paige, K., Xiaofan, Z., Levin, L., Escobar, E., Amon, D., Yue, Y., Reitz, A., Sepp Neves, A. A., O’Rourke, E., Mannarini, G., Pearlman, J., Tinker, J., Horsburgh, K. J., Lehodey, P., … Yufeng, Y. (2019). Successful blue economy examples with an emphasis on international perspectives. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6(JUN), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00261
Wuwung, L., Croft, F., Benzaken, D., Azmi, K., Goodman, C., Rambourg, C., & Voyer, M. (2022). Global blue economy governance – A methodological approach to investigating blue economy implementation. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9(November), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.1043881
Yang, C., Wang, P., Li, R., & Zhang, M. (2025). Research on performance evaluation of ecological product value realization under the “Dual Carbon Goals.” Frontiers in Environmental Economics, 4(August). https://doi.org/10.3389/frevc.2025.1563591
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with International Journal of Demos (IJD) agree to the following Open Access terms:
- Authors transfer the copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- 4.0 International License. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
