Dampak Kebijakan Pemerintah Mengenai Pelarangan Thrifting Terhadap Penjualan Pakaian Bekas di Kota Medan

Abstract

Abstrak

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh maraknya aktivitas thrifting dan perdagangan pakaian bekas di Pasar Sambu dan Pasar Melati Kota Medan di tengah penerapan kebijakan pemerintah mengenai larangan impor pakaian bekas yang diperketat melalui Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Nomor 47 Tahun 2025. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis latar belakang pemerintah menetapkan kebijakan pelarangan thrifting, mengkaji dampaknya terhadap pelaku usaha dan konsumen pakaian bekas di Kota Medan, serta mengetahui strategi pemerintah dalam menyediakan kebijakan transisi bagi pelaku usaha yang terdampak. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian normatif-empiris. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis interaktif Miles dan Huberman melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan pelarangan thrifting dilatarbelakangi oleh tiga pertimbangan utama, yaitu perlindungan industri tekstil dalam negeri, perlindungan kesehatan masyarakat dari risiko pakaian bekas impor, serta penertiban arus perdagangan ilegal. Dampak kebijakan mencakup penurunan pasokan stok barang, berkurangnya jumlah pembeli sebesar 30 hingga 50 persen, dan penurunan omzet pedagang antara 10 hingga 75 persen, serta terbatasnya akses konsumen berpenghasilan rendah terhadap pakaian terjangkau. Sementara itu, strategi transisi pemerintah masih bersifat umum berupa imbauan beralih ke pakaian preloved lokal dan pemanfaatan platform digital, tanpa disertai program pembinaan khusus bagi pedagang terdampak. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa meskipun kebijakan pelarangan thrifting memiliki dasar hukum yang kuat, pelaksanaannya perlu disertai program transisi terstruktur, pendampingan usaha yang tepat sasaran, dan sosialisasi langsung kepada pedagang agar kebijakan dapat berjalan secara adil dan mencerminkan prinsip negara kesejahteraan.

Kata kunci: kebijakan pemerintah, larangan thrifting, penjualan pakaian bekas.

Abstract

This study was motivated by the widespread practice of thrifting and the trade of second-hand clothing in Sambu Market and Melati Market, Medan City, amidst the implementation of government policies prohibiting the importation of used clothing, as reinforced through Minister of Trade Regulation Number 47 of 2025. The study aims to analyze the rationale behind the government's policy on banning thrifting, examine its impacts on second-hand clothing traders and consumers in Medan City, and identify the government's transition strategies for businesses affected by the policy. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach with a normative-empirical research design. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and subsequently analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive analysis technique, which consists of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the policy prohibiting thrifting is based on three primary considerations: protecting the domestic textile industry, safeguarding public health from the risks associated with imported used clothing, and regulating illegal trade activities. The impacts of the policy include a decline in merchandise supply, a reduction in the number of customers by approximately 30 to 50 percent, and a decrease in traders’ revenues ranging from 10 to 75 percent. Additionally, the policy has limited access to affordable clothing for low-income consumers. Meanwhile, the government’s transition strategy remains relatively general, consisting primarily of recommendations to shift toward locally sourced preloved clothing and the utilization of digital platforms, without the provision of specific assistance or capacity-building programs for affected traders. The study concludes that although the thrifting prohibition policy has a strong legal foundation, its implementation should be accompanied by structured transition programs, targeted business assistance, and direct outreach to traders to ensure that the policy is implemented fairly and reflects the principles of a welfare state.

Keywords: government policy, thrifting prohibition, second-hand clothing trade.