Journal of Citizenship

Evaluasi Kebijakan Tugas Pokok Dan Fungsi Bagian Protokol Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Pandeglang

Muhammad Imam Murad — 2026-01-22

The government has made various efforts to produce faster, more accurate, and transparent services. One element in the regional government organization is the protocol. The main tasks and functions that can make an activity run well, the formulation of the problem in this study is how to evaluate the policy of the main tasks and functions of the protocol section of the Pandeglang Regency Regional Secretariat. The purpose of this study is to analyze the main tasks and functions of the protocol section of the Pandeglang Regency Regional Secretariat. Based on the indicators of Effectiveness, Efficiency, Adequacy, Equivalence, Responsiveness, and Accuracy. The type of research used in this study is descriptive qualitative. The number of research informants is 8 people with data collection techniques through interviews and analysis with qualitative methods as research procedures that produce descriptive data. The results of the evaluation of the policy of the main tasks and functions can be concluded as not yet good and must be improved in the distribution of assignment schedules to protocol staff in an activity, especially in the indicators of Equivalence and Accuracy. In addition, the protocol section has not been able to organize unannounced official visits or receive and welcome guests who visit suddenly, causing protocol staff to appear unprofessional and lack coordination in prioritizing public service activities. Limited use of facilities, including official vehicles, is an indicator that hinders the performance of protocol officers in carrying out their primary duties and functions. This results in assigned personnel not meeting field needs and also limits the protocol's mobility. Therefore, additional budget and official vehicles are needed to strengthen performance and support the protocol's primary duties and functions in facilitating leadership activities.

Keywords : Protocol, Task, Main, Function, Leadership.

Resettlement sebagai Durable Solution: Reorientasi Kebijakan Bangladesh dalam Krisis Pengungsi Rohingnya

Muhammad Aditya Purnomo — 2026-01-22

The Rohingya refugee crisis has exerted profound socio-economic and environmental pressures on Bangladesh since the first major influx in 1978. With over 600,000 refugees recorded in 2017, Bangladesh has faced acute shortages of clean water and firewood, deteriorating sanitation, and increased labor market competition between refugees and local communities. As a developing country with limited resources and a dense population, Bangladesh struggles to sustain long-term humanitarian commitments. Drawing on the Durable Solutions Framework of UNHCR (2003) and the Commission of the European Communities (2004), this article argues that resettlement offers the most viable and sustainable policy alternative compared to repatriation or local integration. Resettlement to third countries—such as Indonesia and Malaysia—can alleviate domestic resource pressures while promoting equitable global burden-sharing. The study concludes that resettlement should be understood not merely as a humanitarian measure but as a strategic policy instrument balancing Bangladesh’s national interests with international solidarity and shared responsibility in refugee governance.

Keywords: Rohingya refugees, Bangladesh, Resettlement, Durable Solution, Refugee Policy

Abstrak

Krisis pengungsi Rohingya yang melanda Bangladesh sejak 1978 hingga kini telah menciptakan tekanan multidimensional terhadap negara tuan rumah, terutama pada aspek sosial-ekonomi dan sumber daya alam. Lonjakan pengungsi yang mencapai lebih dari 600.000 jiwa pada 2017 menyebabkan kelangkaan sumber daya seperti air bersih dan kayu bakar, penurunan kualitas sanitasi, serta meningkatnya kompetisi tenaga kerja antara pengungsi dan masyarakat lokal. Kondisi ini memperlihatkan keterbatasan kapasitas Bangladesh sebagai negara dengan perekonomian lemah dan populasi tinggi dalam menyediakan perlindungan jangka panjang bagi pengungsi. Berdasarkan kerangka Durable Solution yang dikembangkan oleh UNHCR (2003) dan Komisi Eropa (2004), penelitian ini berargumen bahwa resettlement merupakan opsi paling realistis dan berkelanjutan dibandingkan repatriasi maupun integrasi lokal. Melalui pemukiman kembali ke negara ketiga, seperti Indonesia dan Malaysia, Bangladesh dapat mengurangi tekanan terhadap sumber daya domestik sekaligus berpartisipasi dalam skema burden-sharing global. Artikel ini menegaskan bahwa resettlement bukan semata tindakan kemanusiaan, tetapi strategi kebijakan yang mampu menyeimbangkan antara kepentingan nasional Bangladesh dan prinsip solidaritas internasional dalam tata kelola pengungsi.

Kata kunci: Pengungsi Rohingya, Bangladesh, Resettlement, Durable Solution, Kebijakan Pengungsi

Pengaruh Citra Merek dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian dengan Kepercayaan Konsumen sebagai Variabel Mediasi Studi pada Konsumen Belikopi di Kota Yogyakarta

Amelia Jelita Putri — 2026-01-22

This study aims to analyze the influence of brand image and product quality on purchasing decisions with consumer trust as a mediating variable among Belikopi consumers in Yogyakarta City. This study uses a quantitative approach with a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through distributing questionnaires to 113 respondents who met certain criteria. Data analysis used the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) method with the help of SmartPLS software version 3.2.9. The results show that brand image and product quality have a positive and significant effect on consumer trust and purchasing decisions. Consumer trust has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions and mediates the relationship between brand image and purchasing decisions. However, consumer trust does not significantly mediate the relationship between product quality and purchasing decisions.

Keywords: Brand Image, Product Quality, Consumer Trust, Purchase Decision.

Pergeseran Kekuasaan Keluarga Politik di Pilgub Banten 2024: Partai Golkar dan PKS

Imron Wasi — 2026-01-22

This study discusses the shift in political power from one political elite to another at the local level within the scope of kinship politics. In the 2024 Banten Gubernatorial Election, the two candidates met, Airin Rachmi Diany-Ade Sumardi and Andra Soni-Achmad Dimyati Natakusumah. Airin Rachmi Diany represents the Tubagus Chasan Sochib political family which has dominated political power in Banten, especially since Banten first became a province. This political family has a deep-rooted political entity such as the Golkar Party. As a result, the Golkar Party has never been absent in controlling the executive power of Banten through its cadres who come from the Tubagus Chasan Sochib political family. Meanwhile, Achmad Dimyati Natakusumah has a political territory in Pandeglang Regency, which until now is still in the arena of kinship politics. The research method used is library research such as journals, books, research reports, and relevant research reports (Zed 2004). This study also uses a theoretical approach to answer the research questions, including the theory of power elites (Mills 1956). The result is a shift in political elites from the Tubagus Chasan Sochib political family (incumbent) to other political elites such as Achmad Dimyati Natakusumah, because the Tubagus Chasan Sochib political family (incumbent) failed to use control restrictions by parochializing power or party contracting. This is because the construction of a large coalition was actually built by the candidate pair Andra Soni-Dimyati Natakusumah. In fact, in previous gubernatorial elections, the Tubagus Chasan Sochib political family was always supported by political parties with large coalitions, including the Gerindra Party. Then, Andra Soni-Dimyati Natakusumah (opposition) managed to take advantage of this weakness by opening boundaries by inviting the presence of national elites in the 2024 Banten gubernatorial election, and the development of opinions created by Andra Soni-Dimyati Natakusumah which succeeded in influencing voter preferences, especially regarding 'Banten Anti-Corruption'.

Keywords: Power Shift, Power Elite, 2024 Banten Gubernatorial Election, Golkar, PKS.

Analisis Kinerja Pegawai pada Proses Reimbursement PPH 23 di Terminal Petikemas Surabaya

Evelyn Cornelia — 2026-01-22

This study aims to analyze employee performance in the PPh 23 reimbursement process at PT Terminal Petikemas Surabaya. The background of this study is based on the importance of the role of employees in carrying out their duties properly and orderly in accordance with tax administration. This study uses Campbell's performance theory, which takes four dimensions, namely job-specific task proficiency, written and oral communication proficiency, demonstrating effort, and maintaining personal discipline. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method, with data collected through interviews with the employees involved, supported by the author's observations in the field. The results show that overall employee performance has been good. Employees demonstrate adequate technical skills in carrying out their specific tasks, communicate effectively, show high work enthusiasm, and comply with company procedures and regulations. These four dimensions of performance support each other and contribute to the smooth process of PPh 23 reimbursement at PT Terminal Petikemas Surabaya. However, several obstacles were still found, so that the company is expected to be able to improve in order to minimize existing obstacles.

Intrapersonal Communication as the Foundation of Public Speaking for Gen-Z Employees: A Case Study at New Cammary Cafe

Yuan Khoir — 2026-01-31

This study aims to analyze the role of intrap communication as a foundation in the formation of public speaking skills among Generation Z employees at New Cammary Cafe, Bandung. Generation Z, who grew up in the digital era, has unique communication characteristics, especially in face-to-face interactions that require confidence, emotional management, and spontaneity in speaking. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method to explore in depth the subjective experiences of employees in managing intrapersonal communication and its implications for public communication performance. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with four employees consisting of baristas and waitresses, as well as direct observation of service activities and communication interactions in the work environment. The results show that intrapersonal communication plays an important role in shaping employees' mental and emotional readiness when dealing with customers. The dominant forms of intrapersonal communication include positive self-talk, self-reflection, and social imagination, which serve as mechanisms for managing anxiety and strengthening self-confidence. Healthy intrapersonal communication has been proven to support employees public speaking abilities, particularly in explaining products, responding to customer questions, and handling challenging communication situations. In addition, the existence of informal discussion spaces such as SAMARA activities helps strengthen public speaking skills while enriching the personal reflection process of employees. This study concludes that the development of public speaking skills cannot be separated from the strengthening of intrapersonal communication. Therefore, communication training in the informal service sector needs to adopt a holistic approach that focuses not only on speaking techniques but also on self-awareness, emotion management, and personal reflection, especially for Generation Z employees.

Keywords: intrapersonal communication, public speaking, Generation Z, cafes, case study

Dampak Narasi #KaburAjaDulu terhadap Kesadaran Bela Negara di Kalangan Mahasiswa

Adventina Situngkir — 2026-01-22

Fenomena tagar #KaburAjaDulu yang viral di media sosial pada awal tahun 2025 menjadi representasi keresahan generasi muda terhadap kondisi sosial, ekonomi, dan politik nasional. Narasi ini menimbulkan berbagai respons, termasuk kekhawatiran akan lunturnya semangat bela negara di kalangan mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh tagar tersebut terhadap kesadaran bela negara mahasiswa dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada 141 mahasiswa pada salah satu perguruan tinggi swasta di Tangerang. Instrumen pengukuran terdiri dari 22 butir pertanyaan dengan skala Likert 5 poin yang mencakup lima aspek utama: paparan informasi, persepsi terhadap narasi, kesadaran bela negara, dampak terhadap sikap bernegara, serta peran media. Hasil analisis korelasi Pearson menunjukkan hubungan positif antara paparan informasi dengan persepsi (r = 0.53), persepsi dengan kesadaran bela negara (r = 0.44), dan kesadaran dengan sikap bernegara (r = 0.75). Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa tagar #KaburAjaDulu tidak secara langsung melemahkan nasionalisme mahasiswa, melainkan dapat menjadi pemicu refleksi kritis dan penguatan nilai kebangsaan jika dipahami secara kontekstual dan konstruktif.

Kata kunci: #KaburAjaDulu, kesadaran bela negara, mahasiswa.

Transformasi Sosial dan Adaptasi Hukum: Analisis Sosiologis atas Dinamika Hubungan Hukum dan Perubahan Sosial di Indonesia

Moh. Maskurudin Hafid — 2026-01-22

Penelitian ini mengkaji hubungan dialektis antara hukum dan perubahan sosial dalam kerangka sosiologi hukum, dengan menekankan bagaimana sistem hukum tidak hanya membentuk tetapi juga dibentuk oleh dinamika sosial yang terus berkembang di Indonesia. Berlandaskan teori klasik Max Weber dan Émile Durkheim serta pemikiran hukum progresif Soerjono Soekanto dan Satjipto Rahardjo, penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa hukum berfungsi sebagai produk nilai sosial sekaligus agen perubahan. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa transformasi hukum dipengaruhi oleh tiga faktor utama: faktor internal berupa nilai budaya dan kesadaran hukum masyarakat; faktor eksternal seperti globalisasi, digitalisasi, dan tekanan ekonomi-politik global; serta peran sinergis lembaga legislatif, peradilan, akademisi, dan masyarakat sipil. Melalui pendekatan komparatif dan analisis kritis, penelitian ini menemukan adanya kesenjangan antara law in books dan law in action, yang menuntut hadirnya hukum progresif, adaptif, dan berorientasi pada keadilan substantif. Hasil kajian menegaskan bahwa evolusi hukum Indonesia merupakan proses rasionalisasi, solidaritas sosial, dan rekonstruksi etis yang berkelanjutan, sehingga reformasi hukum yang berkelanjutan perlu mengintegrasikan dimensi rasional, moral, dan kultural agar mampu menjaga keadilan dan kedaulatan hukum di tengah transformasi global.

Peran Media Sosial dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat: Studi Program Kampung Laos Serumpun di Desa Merah Mata

Rahmi Hidayati — 2026-01-22

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran media sosial dalam program pemberdayaan masyarakat. Studi yang dilakukan yakni kepada Program Kampung Laos Serumpun yang merupakan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) PT PLN Indonesia Power UP Merah Mata. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, hasil dari penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa media sosial berperan strategis dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat Desa Merah Mata melalui Program Kampung Laos Serumpun. Selain sebagai sarana komunikasi dan promosi, media sosial menjadi ruang partisipatif dan edukatif yang memperkuat identitas komunitas, meningkatkan kesejahteraan ekonomi, serta melestarikan budaya lokal. Melalui platform digital, produk olahan laos dapat dipasarkan lebih luas sehingga menambah pendapatan warga dan membuka peluang kolaborasi bisnis.

Dinamika Kolaborasi antara Pelaku UMKM Ekonomi Kreatif, Pemerintah, dan Komunitas di Kota Solo

Adam Sudaryanto Adam — 2026-11-22

Ekonomi kreatif di Kota Surakarta berkembang sebagai sektor strategis yang mampu mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi lokal melalui peran aktif UMKM berbasis budaya, kuliner, fesyen, dan kerajinan. Perkembangan ini menghadapi berbagai persoalan seperti keterbatasan modal, rendahnya kapasitas manajerial, serta akses pasar yang belum optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dinamika kolaborasi antara pelaku UMKM ekonomi kreatif, pemerintah, dan komunitas lokal sebagai upaya memperkuat ekosistem ekonomi kreatif daerah. Analisis didasarkan pada kerangka teori Penta Helix yang menekankan kolaborasi lima unsur utama: pemerintah, industri, akademisi, komunitas, dan media. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam kepada informan kunci dari masing-masing unsur tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kolaborasi antarpemangku kepentingan telah berjalan, namun belum mencapai efektivitas yang ideal akibat ketimpangan kapasitas, koordinasi yang lemah, serta perbedaan orientasi program. Kolaborasi tetap membuka peluang besar melalui penguatan jejaring kerja, inovasi kreatif, dan dukungan kebijakan yang lebih responsif. Dinamika ini memperlihatkan bahwa peningkatan kualitas interaksi antaraktor menjadi syarat utama bagi pengembangan ekonomi kreatif Surakarta yang lebih inklusif dan berkelanjutan.

Menguak Kerentanan Gender dalam Love Scam dan Strategi Perlindungannya

Rumangga Napitupulu — 2026-01-22

This study is motivated by the increasing cases of love scams in Indonesia, a form of online fraud that exploits gender vulnerabilities through emotional manipulation for financial or emotional gain. This phenomenon is exacerbated by patriarchal culture, low digital literacy, and legal limitations, with significant impacts on victims, particularly women and non-binary individuals. The research method employed is a systematic literature review of 32 national and international journals, analyzing perpetrators’ targeting patterns, victimization risk factors, and gender-based protection strategies. The findings indicate that women are the primary targets due to social pressures, patriarchal norms, and emotional needs, while non-binary individuals are vulnerable due to social isolation. Emotional manipulation, social stigma, and vulnerabilities in online dating platforms are the main factors contributing to victimization, with additional risks such as identity theft and psychological trauma. Proposed protection strategies include digital literacy education, gender-sensitive counseling, and legal reforms. The study concludes that love scams are a multidimensional phenomenon requiring an intersectional approach and cross-sectoral collaboration for early detection and effective prevention to reduce victimization and promote social justice for victims.

Dinamika Kolaborasi antara Pelaku UMKM Ekonomi Kreatif, Pemerintah, dan Komunitas di Kota Solo

Adam Sudaryanto Adam — 2025-11-22

Implementasi Aplikasi Sijapti Pada Seleksi Terbuka Jabatan Pimpinan Tinggi Pratama Dilingkungan Pemprov Banten

ilham priyooambudi — 2026-01-22

Employee is the main factor among other factors that influence the development of government in a region. Based on this, the author is interested in conducting research with the title The Role of Regional Personnel Agencies in Implementing the High Leadership Position Information System Application (SIJAPTI) in the Open Selection for Primary High Leadership Positions within the Banten Provincial Government. This research design is qualitative research with descriptive methods and an inductive approach. Data collection techniques were carried out using interviews, observation and document review. The selection of informants used purposive and snowball sampling methods. This is influenced by inhibiting factors, such as leadership policies and a lack of technological understanding among potential selection participants. The supporting factors in implementing this program are having a strong legal basis, budget availability, and commitment from the regional government. In addition, the Regional Civil Service Agency has made several efforts to implement the SIJAPTI application in the implementation of the Open Selection of High-Level Pratama Leadership Positions, including completing the simplification of the organizational structure, coordination and consultation with central agencies, and preparing budget allocations.

Kontribusi Soft Skill dalam Mengembangkan Kepercayaan Diri Siswa

Ahmad Sholihin — 2026-01-22

Self-confidence is an important aspect during senior high school. Because self-confidence is related to better academic performance, positive social involvement, and readiness to enter the workforce or higher education. However, in reality, some students feel insecure both at school and outside of school. Therefore, this research answers whether these two variables are relevant. This research aims to find out how much soft skills contribute to the development of self-confidence in students using quantitative descriptive methods at SMA Negeri 7 Yogyakarta from April to May 2024 involving 158 students as samples taken using simple random sampling techniques using the program SPSS version 23 as a tool for processing data. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, show that the independent variable is proven to contribute significantly to the dependent variable, which means that there is a positive contribution between students' mastery of soft skills and students' self-development, which has implications for the need to master soft skills to support the achievement of students who have strong character. It is hoped that mastery of soft skills will be supported by all parties, including teachers, schools, and parents.

Keywords: confident; education; soft skill.

Dinamika Penalaran Moral pada Pendidikan Militer Indonesia, Sebuah Studi Kualitatif

Indriyani Santoso — 2026-01-22

The purpose of this study is to examine the dynamics of moral reasoning and deference to authority in people with military training. 21 respondents completed an open-ended questionnaire as part of an exploratory qualitative method. The data were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and triangulated to guarantee the validity of the results. Three primary themes emerged from the study's findings: (1) the conflict between personal morals and career sustainability, where some respondents chose to uphold moral integrity despite the risk to professional stability, while others were willing to sacrifice personal values for loyalty; (2) obedience as identity and loyalty, where obedience has been internalized as an expression of institutional loyalty and part of collective moral identity; and (3) the decision-making process and moral moral disengagement, where the mechanism of shifting responsibility to superiors emerged, but some also showed moral engagement through consideration of intention and context. These results emphasize how crucial ethics education is for security institutions to strike a balance between moral duty and authoritarian discipline. The study's findings suggest that moral courage-based ethics education should strike a balance between moral responsibility and authoritarian discipline.

Pertanggungjawaban Pidana dan Pembuktian Terbalik Dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi dan Pencucian Uang oleh Pegawai Direktorat Jenderal Pajak (Studi Kasus Rafael Alun Trisambodo)

Nathan Thomas — 2026-01-22

This study aims to analyze criminal liability and the implementation of the reverse burden of proo in corruption and money laundering cases involving Rafael Alun Trisambodo, an employee of the Directorate General of Taxes. Article 4 paragraph (8) of Government Regulation Number 53 of 2010 on Civil Servant Discipline explicitly prohibits civil servants, including those within the Dorectorate General of taxes, from receiving any form of gift related to the performance of their duties or authority. The research employs a normative juridical method using a case approach and a regulatory approach to examine the legal issues involved. The findings indicate that the elements of criminal liability in the corruption and money laundering offenses are fulfilled through the existence of unlawful conduct, intent, the capacity for responsibility, and the absence of justifying or exexcusing grounds. The establishment of familiy owned companies, concealment of financial flows, and disproportionate asset growth demonstrate a deliberate effort to obtain and disguise illicit proceeds. Decisions of the Corruption Court and the Supreme Court further show that the reverse burden of proof operates effectively, requiring the defendant to prove the lawful origin of his assests once the prosecutor presents sufficient initial evidence. The defendant’s inability to provide a legally valid explanation reinforced the imposition of criminal sanctions. Overall, this study highlights the significance of the reverse burden of proof and the principles of criminal liability as essential tools in combating corruption and money laundering, particularly in cases involving the abuse of authority by public officials.

Dampak Lingkungan dan Sosial-Ekonomi Program CSR PLTG Borang: Studi Pemanfaatan Limbah Perusahaan menjadi Pupuk Organomineral terhadap Kesejahteraan Petani Lokal

David Haryanto — 2026-01-22

Ketersediaan pupuk organomineral yang aman, efektif, dan memenuhi standar kualitas merupakan faktor penting dalam mendukung produktivitas tanaman dan keberlanjutan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kualitas dua produk pupuk, yaitu Pupuk Laos Green Hydro dan Pupuk GreenCycle Terra, berdasarkan uji laboratorium yang mencakup parameter kimia, unsur hara makro-mikro, logam berat, serta keamanan mikrobiologis. Pengujian dilakukan di Laboratorium terkait dengan hasil menunjukkan bahwa kedua pupuk memiliki kandungan hara makro tinggi, dengan GreenCycle Terra mengandung NPK lebih tinggi. Pupuk Laos Green Hydro terbukti aman dari logam berat dan patogen, dengan kandungan unsur mikro sesuai kebutuhan tanaman. Secara keseluruhan, kedua pupuk memenuhi standar kelayakan untuk diaplikasikan pada pertanian berkelanjutan dan program pemberdayaan masyarakat. Penelitian ini memberikan dasar ilmiah untuk pemilihan pupuk organomineral dalam kegiatan agronomi dan program lingkungan. Disamping itu, pada aspek lingkungan dan sosial-ekonomi, pupuk tersebut memberikan nilai tambah melalui pengurangan beban limbah industri, penurunan ketergantungan petani pada pupuk kimia, serta peningkatan produktivitas dan ketahanan pangan lokal.

Kata kunci: pupuk organomineral, keamanan biologis, ketahanan pangan lokal