Strategi Integrasi Transportasi Publik Lintas Wilayah Berbasis Aglomerasi untuk Mewujudkan Mobilitas Berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Tangerang

Abstract

Abstrak

Integrasi transportasi publik lintas wilayah menjadi kebutuhan strategis bagi Kabupaten Tangerang sebagai bagian dari kawasan aglomerasi Jabodetabek yang mengalami tekanan mobilitas akibat pertumbuhan penduduk, aktivitas komuter, perkembangan kawasan industri, serta ekspansi permukiman skala besar. Data BPS menunjukkan jumlah penduduk Kabupaten Tangerang tahun 2024 mencapai 3.400,49 ribu jiwa, sementara Survei Komuter Jabodetabek 2023 mencatat sekitar 14,9 persen penduduk Jabodetabek berumur lima tahun ke atas merupakan komuter, dengan Kabupaten Tangerang memiliki proporsi komuter 9,0 persen. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kondisi integrasi transportasi publik lintas wilayah, mengidentifikasi faktor penghambat dan pendukung, serta merumuskan model strategi integrasi berbasis aglomerasi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui FGD, dokumentasi kebijakan, dan kajian literatur yang dianalisis dengan model Miles, Huberman, dan Saldaña, analisis SWOT, serta kerangka Collaborative Governance. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan empat temuan utama: fragmentasi kelembagaan lintas wilayah, lemahnya integrasi antarmoda dan feeder, belum terpadunya tarif serta informasi perjalanan, dan belum optimalnya pengembangan simpul transportasi berbasis TOD. Kontribusi utama penelitian ini adalah perumusan Agglomeration-Based Sustainable Transport Integration Model (ASTIM) yang terdiri atas institutional collaboration, transport connectivity, agglomeration integration, dan sustainable mobility outcomes. Keunggulan ASTIM terletak pada kemampuannya menggabungkan tata kelola kolaboratif, konektivitas multimoda, integrasi ruang aglomerasi, dan orientasi keberlanjutan dalam satu model strategis sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai kerangka kebijakan transportasi publik lintas wilayah di kawasan metropolitan.

Kata Kunci: integrasi transportasi publik, kawasan aglomerasi, collaborative governance, ASTIM, mobilitas berkelanjutan, Kabupaten Tangerang.

  Abstract

Cross-regional public transport integration is a strategic need for Tangerang Regency as part of the Greater Jakarta agglomeration, which is increasingly exposed to mobility pressure caused by population growth, commuting activities, industrial expansion, and large-scale residential development. Statistics Indonesia reported that the population of Tangerang Regency reached 3,400.49 thousand people in 2024, while the 2023 Jabodetabek Commuter Survey recorded that approximately 14.9 percent of the Jabodetabek population aged five years and over were commuters, with Tangerang Regency accounting for 9.0 percent. This study aims to analyze the existing condition of cross-regional public transport integration, identify its inhibiting and supporting factors, and formulate an agglomeration-based integration strategy. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach through focus group discussions, policy documentation, and literature review, analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, SWOT analysis, and the Collaborative Governance framework. The findings reveal four main issues: cross-regional institutional fragmentation, weak intermodal and feeder integration, unintegrated fare and travel information systems, and suboptimal development of TOD-based transport nodes. The main contribution of this study is the formulation of the Agglomeration-Based Sustainable Transport Integration Model (ASTIM), consisting of institutional collaboration, transport connectivity, agglomeration integration, and sustainable mobility outcomes. The advantage of ASTIM lies in its ability to combine collaborative governance, multimodal connectivity, agglomeration spatial integration, and sustainability orientation into a single strategic model for public transport policy in metropolitan areas.

Keywords: public transport integration, agglomeration area, collaborative governance, ASTIM, sustainable mobility, Tangerang Regency.