Pemanfaatan Kecerdasan Artifisial dan Partisipasi Politik Generasi Muda: Model Proof-of-Concept untuk Demokrasi Lokal di Provinsi Banten

Ira Sopiyah

doi:10.37950/joc.v5i3.853

Authors

Ira Sopiyah Universitas Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37950/joc.v5i3.853

Abstract

Kecerdasan artifisial generatif (generative artificial intelligence/GAI) semakin berperan sebagai perantara informasi yang digunakan generasi muda untuk mencari, meringkas, menafsirkan, dan memproduksi konten politik. Berangkat dari studi Karanja dan Musili (2026) mengenai aktivisme politik berbasis AI pada Gen Z Kenya, artikel ini mengembangkan model kontekstual mengenai perubahan perilaku politik berbasis AI dalam demokrasi lokal di Provinsi Banten. Karena tidak tersedia dataset lapangan, seluruh hasil numerik dalam artikel menggunakan dataset survei simulasi yang diberi label secara eksplisit (N = 440), mencakup delapan kabupaten/kota di Banten, dan tidak boleh diperlakukan sebagai estimasi populasi atau hasil survei aktual. Penelitian memodelkan empat konstruk reflektif, yaitu pemanfaatan AI, apropriasi AI untuk kepentingan politik, partisipasi politik online, dan partisipasi politik offline, kemudian mengevaluasi model pengukuran dan model struktural menggunakan alur analisis berorientasi PLS-SEM dengan 5.000 bootstrap. Model pengukuran simulasi menunjukkan konsistensi internal tinggi (Cronbach’s alpha = 0,903–0,913; composite reliability = 0,928–0,935), validitas konvergen (AVE = 0,722–0,743), dan validitas diskriminan yang memadai (HTMT < 0,71). Pada model struktural, pemanfaatan AI berhubungan kuat dengan apropriasi AI politik (? = 0,581; p < 0,001), apropriasi AI politik berhubungan dengan partisipasi online (? = 0,463; p < 0,001), dan partisipasi online berhubungan dengan partisipasi offline (? = 0,491; p < 0,001). Sebaliknya, jalur langsung pemanfaatan AI terhadap partisipasi offline kecil dan tidak signifikan (? = 0,052; p = 0,263), sedangkan jalur mediasi serial melalui apropriasi politik dan partisipasi online signifikan (? = 0,132; IK 95% [0,095; 0,174]). Pola simulasi ini menegaskan interpretasi berbasis mekanisme: AI tidak otomatis menghasilkan partisipasi politik; pengaruh politiknya muncul ketika generasi muda mengapropriasi AI untuk tujuan kewargaan-politik dan menghubungkan keterlibatan digital dengan praktik demokrasi offline.

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